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            "title": "Gemma 2 / Gemma 3 系列",
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            "title": "MLA: Multi-head Latent Attention (DeepSeek-V2/V3)",
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            "title": "DeepSeek-V4: CSA+HCA Hybrid Attention (KV Cache → 10% of V3.2)",
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            "title": "Differential Transformer (DIFF Transformer)",
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            "title": "Engram: Conditional Memory via Scalable Lookup (N-gram O(1), 分离记忆与推理)",
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            "title": "Switch Transformers: Scaling to Trillion Parameter Models",
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            "title": "Mixtral of Experts (8x7B, 开放 MoE)",
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            "title": "DeepSeek-V4: 1.6T参数 MoE + 领域专家独立训练后合并 + On-Policy Distillation",
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            "title": "DeepSeek-V3 Multi-Token Prediction (MTP)",
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          {
            "title": "Muon: Muon is Scalable for LLM Training (Kimi 核心优化器)",
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            "tags": [
              "支线"
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              "起点"
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            "title": "RoPE: Rotary Position Embedding",
            "authors": "Su et al.",
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            "venue": "arXiv",
            "tags": [
              "关键节点"
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            "arxiv": "2104.09864"
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          {
            "title": "ALiBi: Train Short, Test Long",
            "authors": "Press et al.",
            "year": 2022,
            "venue": "ICLR",
            "tags": [
              "关键节点"
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            "arxiv": "2108.12409"
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          {
            "title": "YaRN: Efficient Context Window Extension of LLMs",
            "authors": "Peng et al.",
            "year": 2023,
            "venue": "arXiv",
            "tags": [
              "关键节点"
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            "arxiv": "2309.00071"
          },
          {
            "title": "NoPE + 10M Token Context (Llama 4 Scout)",
            "authors": "Kazemnejad et al. / Meta",
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            "title": "ReRoPE / SelfExtend: Training-Free Length Extension",
            "authors": "Su et al. / Jin et al.",
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              "支线"
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            "arxiv": "2401.01325"
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            "title": "Layer Normalization",
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            "venue": "arXiv",
            "tags": [
              "起点"
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            "arxiv": "1607.06450"
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          {
            "title": "RMSNorm: Root Mean Square Layer Normalization",
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            "venue": "NeurIPS",
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              "关键节点"
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          {
            "title": "SwiGLU / GLU Variants (成为行业标配)",
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            "venue": "arXiv",
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              "关键节点"
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            "arxiv": "2002.05202"
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          {
            "title": "DeepNorm: DeepNet — Scaling Transformers to 1,000 Layers",
            "authors": "Wang et al.",
            "year": 2022,
            "venue": "arXiv",
            "tags": [
              "关键节点"
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            "arxiv": "2203.00555"
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            "title": "mHC: Manifold-Constrained Hyper-Connections (DeepSeek-V4 基础)",
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            "tags": [
              "前沿"
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            "title": "Mamba: Linear-Time Sequence Modeling with Selective State Spaces",
            "authors": "Gu & Dao",
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              "关键节点"
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            "title": "RWKV: Reinventing RNNs for the Transformer Era",
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            "tags": [
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            "title": "Mamba-2: Transformers are SSMs",
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            "title": "Titans: Learning to Memorize at Test Time (Neural Memory)",
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            "year": 2025,
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            "tags": [
              "前沿"
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            "arxiv": "2501.00663"
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            "title": "Kimi Linear (K2.5 混合架构: Transformer + Linear Attention)",
            "authors": "Moonshot AI",
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            "tags": [
              "前沿"
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            "arxiv": "2602.02276"
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            "authors": "Sun et al.",
            "year": 2023,
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              "支线"
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          {
            "title": "xLSTM: Extended Long Short-Term Memory (sLSTM + mLSTM, matrix memory, linear attention revival)",
            "authors": "Beck et al.",
            "year": 2024,
            "venue": "arXiv",
            "tags": [
              "支线"
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            "arxiv": "2405.04517"
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            "title": "Hymba: Hybrid Mamba-Transformer",
            "authors": "NVIDIA / Meta",
            "year": 2025,
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            "tags": [
              "支线"
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            "title": "Byte Latent Transformer: Patches Scale Better Than Tokens (tokenization-free, entropy-based patching)",
            "authors": "Pagnoni et al. / Meta FAIR",
            "year": 2024,
            "venue": "arXiv",
            "tags": [
              "前瞻"
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            "arxiv": "2412.09871"
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          {
            "title": "Large Concept Models: Language Modeling in a Sentence Representation Space (SONAR, 200 languages)",
            "authors": "Baranchuk et al. / Meta FAIR",
            "year": 2024,
            "venue": "arXiv",
            "tags": [
              "前瞻"
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            "arxiv": "2412.08821"
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          {
            "title": "MatMul-free Language Modeling (消除矩阵乘法, 类脑计算)",
            "authors": "Zhu et al.",
            "year": 2024,
            "venue": "arXiv",
            "tags": [
              "前瞻"
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            "arxiv": "2406.02528"
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          {
            "title": "LLaDA: Large Language Diffusion with mAsking (diffusion-based LLM, 8B, non-autoregressive generation)",
            "authors": "Nie et al.",
            "year": 2025,
            "venue": "arXiv",
            "tags": [
              "前瞻"
            ],
            "arxiv": "2502.09992"
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          {
            "title": "Titans: Learning to Memorize at Test Time (神经记忆, 超越 Transformer)",
            "authors": "Behrouz et al.",
            "year": 2025,
            "venue": "arXiv",
            "tags": [
              "前瞻"
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            "arxiv": "2501.00663"
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            "title": "BLIP-2: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training (Q-Former)",
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            "tags": [
              "关键节点"
            ],
            "arxiv": "2301.12597"
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          {
            "title": "LLaVA / LLaVA-1.5: Visual Instruction Tuning",
            "authors": "Liu et al.",
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              "关键节点"
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            "title": "GPT-4o System Card: 原生多模态 (文本/图像/音频端到端)",
            "authors": "OpenAI",
            "year": 2024,
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            "tags": [
              "关键节点"
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            "tags": [
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            "authors": "Alayrac et al.",
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            "tags": [
              "支线"
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            "title": "SigLIP: Sigmoid Loss for Language Image Pre-training",
            "authors": "Zhai et al.",
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            "authors": "Google DeepMind",
            "year": 2023,
            "venue": "arXiv",
            "tags": [
              "起点"
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            "arxiv": "2312.11805"
          },
          {
            "title": "Chameleon: Mixed-Modal Early-Fusion Foundation Models",
            "authors": "Team Chameleon (Meta)",
            "year": 2024,
            "venue": "arXiv",
            "tags": [
              "关键节点"
            ],
            "arxiv": "2405.09818"
          },
          {
            "title": "GPT-4o System Card: 端到端 omni 多模态",
            "authors": "OpenAI",
            "year": 2024,
            "venue": "arXiv",
            "tags": [
              "关键节点"
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            "title": "Qwen3.5-Omni Technical Report: 全模态 (文本/图像/音频/视频/语音)",
            "authors": "Alibaba Qwen",
            "year": 2026,
            "venue": "arXiv",
            "tags": [
              "前沿"
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            "arxiv": "2604.15804"
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            "title": "EMU3: Next-Token Prediction is All You Need (Meta 统一多模态)",
            "authors": "Wang et al.",
            "year": 2024,
            "venue": "arXiv",
            "tags": [
              "支线"
            ],
            "arxiv": "2409.18869"
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        "id": "audio",
        "name": "音频/语音模型",
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            "title": "Whisper / Whisper-large-v3: Robust Speech Recognition",
            "authors": "Radford et al.",
            "year": 2023,
            "venue": "ICML",
            "tags": [
              "起点"
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            "arxiv": "2212.04356"
          },
          {
            "title": "CosyVoice 2: Scalable Streaming Speech Synthesis",
            "authors": "Du et al.",
            "year": 2024,
            "venue": "arXiv",
            "tags": [
              "前沿"
            ],
            "arxiv": "2412.10117"
          },
          {
            "title": "Qwen-Audio / Qwen2-Audio: 通用音频理解",
            "authors": "Alibaba",
            "year": 2024,
            "venue": "arXiv",
            "tags": [
              "关键节点"
            ],
            "arxiv": "2311.07919"
          }
        ],
        "branches": [
          {
            "title": "Moshi: Real-time Speech Dialogue (Kyutai)",
            "authors": "Défossez et al.",
            "year": 2024,
            "venue": "arXiv",
            "tags": [
              "支线"
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            "arxiv": "2410.00037"
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            "authors": "Zhang et al.",
            "year": 2023,
            "venue": "EMNLP",
            "tags": [
              "起点"
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            "arxiv": "2306.02858"
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          {
            "title": "Gemini 1.5 Pro: 1M token 长上下文视频理解",
            "authors": "Google DeepMind",
            "year": 2024,
            "venue": "Google",
            "tags": [
              "关键节点"
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            "arxiv": "2403.05530"
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          {
            "title": "LLaVA-OneVision / Qwen3-VL 视频能力",
            "authors": "Liu et al. / Qwen",
            "year": 2025,
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